Nkag siab txog Gastrointestinal Polyps: Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Digestive

2. Hom kab mob plab hnyuv Polyps

Ntau hom polyps tuaj yeem tsim hauv GI ib puag ncig, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav:

• Adenomatous Polyps (Adenomas): Cov no yog hom polyps ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob mus rau mob qog noj ntshav. Adenomas tau muab faib ua tubular, villous, lossis tubulovillous subtypes, nrog villous adenomas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.

• Hyperplastic Polyps: Feem ntau me me thiab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv, cov polyps no muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, loj hyperplastic polyps, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab xis ntawm txoj hnyuv, yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo me ntsis.

• Inflammatory Polyps: Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kab mob inflammatory plob tsis so tswj (IBD), xws li Crohn's kab mob los yog ulcerative colitis, inflammatory polyps feem ntau yog benign tab sis tej zaum yuav qhia tau hais tias mob nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv mus ntev.

• Hamartomatous Polyps: Cov polyps no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob caj ces xws li Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Txawm hais tias feem ntau benign, qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav.

• Fundic Gland Polyps: Pom nyob rau hauv lub plab, cov polyps no feem ntau me me thiab benign. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov tib neeg noj cov tshuaj proton twj tso kua mis ntev ntev (PPIs), qhov nce hauv cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tshwm sim, txawm tias qhov kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav tseem tsawg.

3. Ua rau thiab pheej hmoo

Qhov laj thawj tiag tiag ntawm GI polyps tsis yog ib txwm paub meej, tab sis ntau yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lawv:

• Cov noob caj noob ces: Tsev neeg keeb kwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm polyps. Cov kab mob caj ces zoo li Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) thiab Lynch syndrome ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab thiab mob qog noj ntshav thaum yau.

• Hnub nyoog: Polyps feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, nrog rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm adenomatous polyps thiab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab loj tuaj nrog lub hnub nyoog.

• Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Kev Ua Neej: Kev noj zaub mov ntau hauv cov nqaij liab lossis cov nqaij ua tiav, rog rog, haus luam yeeb, thiab haus cawv ntau dhau los ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim polyp.

• Cov mob o: Cov kab mob GI ntev, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li Crohn's kab mob thiab cov kab mob ulcerative, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm polyps.

• Kev Siv Tshuaj: Kev siv sijhawm ntev ntawm qee cov tshuaj, xws li cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) thiab PPIs, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee hom polyps.

4. Cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv Polyps

Feem ntau polyps, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me, yog asymptomatic. Txawm li cas los xij, polyps loj dua lossis polyps hauv qee qhov chaw yuav ua rau cov tsos mob, suav nrog:

• Txoj hnyuv los ntshav: Cov ntshav hauv cov quav tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm polyps hauv txoj hnyuv lossis qhov quav.

• Hloov hauv Cov Cwj Pwm: Cov polyps loj tuaj yeem ua rau cem quav, raws plab, lossis xav tias kev khiav tawm tsis tiav.

• Mob plab lossis tsis xis nyob: Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj, qee qhov polyps tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab me mus rau nruab nrab yog tias lawv cuam tshuam ib feem ntawm GI.

• Ntshav Qab Zib: Polyps uas los ntshav qeeb zuj zus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus, ua rau qaug zog thiab qaug zog.

Txij li cov tsos mob feem ntau hloov maj mam los yog tsis tuaj, kev tshuaj ntsuam niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab mob hauv plab, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj pom ntxov.

5. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv Polyps

Ntau cov cuab yeej kuaj mob thiab cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem kuaj pom GI polyps, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv thiab plab:

• Colonoscopy: Kev colonoscopy yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los kuaj xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov polyps hauv txoj hnyuv. Nws tso cai rau kev pom ncaj qha ntawm cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab lub qhov quav, thiab txhua qhov polyps pom tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

• Upper Endoscopy: Rau polyps nyob rau hauv lub plab los yog sab sauv GI ib ntsuj av tau, ib tug Upper endoscopy yog ua. Ib lub raj hloov tau nrog lub koob yees duab tau ntxig rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kom pom cov hlab pas, plab, thiab duodenum.

• Sigmoidoscopy: Cov txheej txheem no tshuaj xyuas qhov qis ntawm txoj hnyuv, hu ua sigmoid nyuv. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom polyps hauv qhov quav thiab sab hauv plab tab sis tsis ncav cuag txoj hnyuv loj.

• Kev kuaj quav: Qee qhov kev kuaj quav tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov ntshav lossis cov cim DNA txawv txav uas txuas rau polyps lossis mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab.

• Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas: CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) tuaj yeem tsim cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txoj hnyuv loj thiab qhov quav. Txawm hais tias nws tsis tso cai rau kev tshem tawm tam sim ntawm polyps, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

6. Kev kho mob thiab kev tswj xyuas

Kev kho mob ntawm GI polyps nyob ntawm lawv hom, qhov loj me, qhov chaw, thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau mob malignancy:

• Polypectomy: Cov txheej txheem no yog kev kho mob tshaj plaws rau kev tshem cov polyps thaum lub sij hawm colonoscopy los yog endoscopy. Cov polyps me me tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm siv lub snare lossis forceps, thaum cov polyps loj tuaj yeem xav tau cov txuj ci siab dua.

• Kev tshem tawm phais: Muaj tsawg zaus uas cov polyps loj heev lossis tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm endoscopically, kev phais yuav tsim nyog. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim rau polyps txuam nrog genetic syndromes.

• Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua: Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntau yam polyps, tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm polyps, los yog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, kev soj ntsuam xyuas colonoscopies tsis tu ncua raug pom zoo los saib xyuas cov polyps tshiab.